Cancer is a disease that 90-95% of cases caused by environmental factors and 5-10% due to genetic factors. Environmental factors that usually lead to death due to cancer is tobacco (25-30%), diet and obesity (30-35%), infection (15-20%), radiation, stress, lack of physical activity, environmental pollutants.
Chemicals
Pathogenesis of cancer can be traced back to DNA mutations that affect cell growth and metastasis. Substances that cause DNA mutations are known as mutagens, and mutagens that cause cancer called carcinogens. There are some specific substances associated with certain types of cancer. Cigarette tobacco is connected with many types of cancer, and the cause of 90% of lung cancer. Continuous exposure to asbestos fibers is associated with mesothelioma. Many mutagens are also carcinogens. However, some carcinogens are not mutagens. Alcohol is an example of carcinogenic chemicals that are not mutagens. Such chemicals can cause cancer by stimulating cell division rate. Level replication for faster, leaving little time for the enzymes to repair damaged DNA during DNA replication, thereby increasing the likelihood of mutation.
Research over several decades show the links between tobacco use and cancers of the lung, larynx, head, neck, stomach, bladder, kidney, esophagus, and pancreas.. Tobacco smoke has more than fifty types of carcinogens that have been identified, including nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Tobacco is responsible for one third of all cancer deaths in developed countries, and about one-fifth of all world. The death rate from lung cancer in the United States reflects smoking patterns, with increases in smoking patterns followed by a dramatic rise in death rates from lung cancer. Even so, the number of smokers worldwide continues to increase, so some organizations say of the tobacco epidemic. Cancer associated with the job someone is believed to have an amount of 2-20% of all cases.
Pathogenesis of cancer can be traced back to DNA mutations that affect cell growth and metastasis. Substances that cause DNA mutations are known as mutagens, and mutagens that cause cancer called carcinogens. There are some specific substances associated with certain types of cancer. Cigarette tobacco is connected with many types of cancer, and the cause of 90% of lung cancer. Continuous exposure to asbestos fibers is associated with mesothelioma. Many mutagens are also carcinogens. However, some carcinogens are not mutagens. Alcohol is an example of carcinogenic chemicals that are not mutagens. Such chemicals can cause cancer by stimulating cell division rate. Level replication for faster, leaving little time for the enzymes to repair damaged DNA during DNA replication, thereby increasing the likelihood of mutation.
Research over several decades show the links between tobacco use and cancers of the lung, larynx, head, neck, stomach, bladder, kidney, esophagus, and pancreas.. Tobacco smoke has more than fifty types of carcinogens that have been identified, including nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Tobacco is responsible for one third of all cancer deaths in developed countries, and about one-fifth of all world. The death rate from lung cancer in the United States reflects smoking patterns, with increases in smoking patterns followed by a dramatic rise in death rates from lung cancer. Even so, the number of smokers worldwide continues to increase, so some organizations say of the tobacco epidemic. Cancer associated with the job someone is believed to have an amount of 2-20% of all cases.
Ionization Radiation
Sources of ionizing radiation, such as radon gas, can cause cancer. Constant exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause melanoma and some skin disease dangerous. An estimated 2% of cancer in the future due to the CT scan at this time. Radio frequency radiation from mobile phones do not berion of and sources of similar radio frequencies are also considered as causes of cancer, but currently very little hard evidence to support this association.
Sources of ionizing radiation, such as radon gas, can cause cancer. Constant exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause melanoma and some skin disease dangerous. An estimated 2% of cancer in the future due to the CT scan at this time. Radio frequency radiation from mobile phones do not berion of and sources of similar radio frequencies are also considered as causes of cancer, but currently very little hard evidence to support this association.
Infection
Some cancers can be caused by infection. This not only applies to animals such as birds, but also in humans. These viruses contribute to 20% against the spread of cancer in humans worldwide. These viruses include human papillomavirus (cervical cancer), poliomavirus in humans (mesothelioma, brain tumors), Epstein-Barr virus (B-cell limfoproliferatif disease and nasopharyngeal cancer), the herpes virus causes Kaposi sarcoma (Kaposi sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma ), the viruses hepatitis B and hepatitis C (liver cancer), leukemia virus-1 on manusis T cells (T cell leukemia), and helicobacter pylori (stomach cancer).
Experimental and epidemiological data declared causative role for the virus and the virus seems to be the second most important risk factor in cancer development in humans, which is only exceeded by the use of tobacco. This type of tumor that caused the virus can be divided into two, the kind that transformed the acute and slowly transformed. In acutely transforming viruses, the virus carrying an overactive oncogene called viral-oncogene (v-onc), and virus-infected transformed as soon as v-onc visible. In contrast, the virus that is slowly transformed, virus genome is inserted near the proto-oncogene in the genome of the parent.
Some cancers can be caused by infection. This not only applies to animals such as birds, but also in humans. These viruses contribute to 20% against the spread of cancer in humans worldwide. These viruses include human papillomavirus (cervical cancer), poliomavirus in humans (mesothelioma, brain tumors), Epstein-Barr virus (B-cell limfoproliferatif disease and nasopharyngeal cancer), the herpes virus causes Kaposi sarcoma (Kaposi sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma ), the viruses hepatitis B and hepatitis C (liver cancer), leukemia virus-1 on manusis T cells (T cell leukemia), and helicobacter pylori (stomach cancer).
Experimental and epidemiological data declared causative role for the virus and the virus seems to be the second most important risk factor in cancer development in humans, which is only exceeded by the use of tobacco. This type of tumor that caused the virus can be divided into two, the kind that transformed the acute and slowly transformed. In acutely transforming viruses, the virus carrying an overactive oncogene called viral-oncogene (v-onc), and virus-infected transformed as soon as v-onc visible. In contrast, the virus that is slowly transformed, virus genome is inserted near the proto-oncogene in the genome of the parent.
Metabolism Imbalance
Formaldehyde compound is synthesized in the body, often formed from the metabolism of compounds xenobiotik trajectory, can form covalent bonds with DNA, or bind to serum albumin and valina group of hemoglobin, and induce carcinogenesis trajectory.
Hormonal Imbalance
The high ratio of plasma hormone TGF-β, which is the regulator in wound healing process, increase the production of ROS in fibroblasts, and differentiation of fibroblasts to the phenotype miofibroblas.
Offspring
Heredity (genetics) is one important factor in the formation of cancer.
The existence of genetic factors in the formation of these cancers occur because one is a cancer-causing mutations in DNA that are inherited from parents to their children, but not all types of cancer can be derived. it is influenced by the location of mutations in DNA that is experienced and also the genotype of the mutation that occurred.
Location of DNA damage suffered by
There are 2 kinds of location of the mutations that trigger the formation of cancer, namely mutations in the genes of oncogenes and mutations in genes pensupresi tumors. pensupresi gene mutations in the tumor was the one who usually triggers a decrease of cancer. this is because the zygote is experiencing oncogene mutations in the gene usually can not survive so can not be lowered.
Formaldehyde compound is synthesized in the body, often formed from the metabolism of compounds xenobiotik trajectory, can form covalent bonds with DNA, or bind to serum albumin and valina group of hemoglobin, and induce carcinogenesis trajectory.
Hormonal Imbalance
The high ratio of plasma hormone TGF-β, which is the regulator in wound healing process, increase the production of ROS in fibroblasts, and differentiation of fibroblasts to the phenotype miofibroblas.
Offspring
Heredity (genetics) is one important factor in the formation of cancer.
The existence of genetic factors in the formation of these cancers occur because one is a cancer-causing mutations in DNA that are inherited from parents to their children, but not all types of cancer can be derived. it is influenced by the location of mutations in DNA that is experienced and also the genotype of the mutation that occurred.
Location of DNA damage suffered by
There are 2 kinds of location of the mutations that trigger the formation of cancer, namely mutations in the genes of oncogenes and mutations in genes pensupresi tumors. pensupresi gene mutations in the tumor was the one who usually triggers a decrease of cancer. this is because the zygote is experiencing oncogene mutations in the gene usually can not survive so can not be lowered.
Other Causes
Pathophysiology
Cancer is a class of diverse diseases are very different in terms of causes and biological. Every organism, even plants, could have cancer. Nearly all cancers are known to emerge gradually, while disability piled in the cancer cells and cell children (see section mechanism for a common type of disability).
Every thing has the possibility of replicating defect (mutation). Unless the prevention and improvement of disability is handled properly, that defects will remain, and may be bequeathed to ananda cells (daughter cells). Normally, the body guarding against cancer with various methods, such as apoptosis, helper molecules (some DNA polymerase), aging / (senescence), and others. However, these disability-correction methods often fail, especially in an environment that makes disability more likely to emerge and spread. For example, the environment contains substances that damage, called carcinogens material, periodic injury (physical, heat, etc.), or the environment that makes the cells may not survive, such as hypoxia. Therefore, cancer is a progressive disease, and various progressive disability is slowly accumulates until the cell starts to act in contradiction to the supposed function in the organism. Disability cells, as causes of cancer, usually can strengthen itself (self-amplifying), eventually will double exponentially. For example:
• Mutations in the equipment-repair defects can cause cells and cells accumulating disability anangnya faster.
• Changes in equipment makers signal (endocrine) could transmit signals to the cell causes of disability in the vicinity.
• Mutations can lead to neoplastic cells, making cells and damage the cells migrate and are more healthy.
• Mutations can cause the cells become immortal (immortal), see the telomeres, making the damaged cells can create healthy cells damaged forever.
Pathophysiology
Cancer is a class of diverse diseases are very different in terms of causes and biological. Every organism, even plants, could have cancer. Nearly all cancers are known to emerge gradually, while disability piled in the cancer cells and cell children (see section mechanism for a common type of disability).
Every thing has the possibility of replicating defect (mutation). Unless the prevention and improvement of disability is handled properly, that defects will remain, and may be bequeathed to ananda cells (daughter cells). Normally, the body guarding against cancer with various methods, such as apoptosis, helper molecules (some DNA polymerase), aging / (senescence), and others. However, these disability-correction methods often fail, especially in an environment that makes disability more likely to emerge and spread. For example, the environment contains substances that damage, called carcinogens material, periodic injury (physical, heat, etc.), or the environment that makes the cells may not survive, such as hypoxia. Therefore, cancer is a progressive disease, and various progressive disability is slowly accumulates until the cell starts to act in contradiction to the supposed function in the organism. Disability cells, as causes of cancer, usually can strengthen itself (self-amplifying), eventually will double exponentially. For example:
• Mutations in the equipment-repair defects can cause cells and cells accumulating disability anangnya faster.
• Changes in equipment makers signal (endocrine) could transmit signals to the cell causes of disability in the vicinity.
• Mutations can lead to neoplastic cells, making cells and damage the cells migrate and are more healthy.
• Mutations can cause the cells become immortal (immortal), see the telomeres, making the damaged cells can create healthy cells damaged forever.
Source: http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanker
