Radical-Free Radicals
Free radicals are chemicals that are
electrically charged and can attack and damage proteins and DNA, thus changing
the genetic information. If enough damage occurs in DNA segments from a control
cell growth and cell division, cancer can develop from that single cell.
Free radicals can be formed by normal metabolic activity in the body. The cells in the body chemically alter nutrients (sugars, fats, and proteins) into the elements that can be used as energy by muscles, brain and other organs. Such changes involve many chemical reactions and a variety of energy transfer between the displacement-chemicals. During this metabolic process, free radicals can be formed.
Free radicals also occurs when cells are exposed to radiation. The body regularly exposed to levels of low-level radiation in the atmosphere. The body also received radiation during mammography and tests other x-ray. In theory, low levels of radiation can lead to the formation of free radicals. (The amount of radiation in the atmosphere and on the tests carried out X-Ray carefully is generally considered safe).
Fortunately, a healthy body is well equipped to destroy free radicals and prevents cells with damaged DNA to become cancerous. The body is able to quickly recognize and destroy free radicals. For example, the body has an enzyme called superoxide dismutase regularly clean free radicals and prevent them from damaging cells and proteins. The body can repair DNA damage caused by radiation or free radicals. The body is also able to quickly destroy the cells that have DNA damage that can not be repaired to prevent them from becoming cancerous. The immune system is also looking for cells with DNA damage and destroy them.
However, an excessive load of free radicals can cause damage to the system that destroys free radicals and damage to the DNA repair systems. This damage or a weakened immune system may contribute to cancer development.
Antioxidants-Antioxidants
Antioxidants are chemicals that
prevent a type of chemical reaction called oxidation. Oxidation is a major
source of free radical formation. Antioxidants are also clean up free radicals
are formed. Superoxide dismutase is an example of an enzyme that works as an
antioxidant. Antioxidants that occur naturally include beta carotene, vitamin
E, and vitamin C. Fruits and vegetables are safe and are rich sources of
antioxidants. An element of controversy is the caffeine. In some laboratory
studies, caffeine works as a cleaning antioxidants that free radicals. At
present, there is no evidence that caffeine or coffee affect breast cancer
risk. Also, some of the elements that contain caffeine, like tea, has
apparently shown to reduce cancer risks.
The relationship between flesh-meat, fats, and breast cancer
Epidemiological studies suggest that
the initial high-fat diets may be associated with increased risks of breast cancer. However, this
relationship has not been confirmed, and it is clear that some fats may protect
from the harmful. However there are some theoretical considerations about
eating meats and fats are cooked too long.
From person to person, there are many normal variations in individual metabolic
systems (a series of enzymes and proteins). Some of these variations lead to
different risks of exposure-exposure to potentially cause cancer. Examples of
systems with the potential for individual variation in the management of
potential toxins are:
NAT-2 is an enzyme in the body that have been studied with both the changing
elements of the meat is cooked too long (overcooked meats) into the active
elements that can damage DNA. There are two forms of NAT-2 enzymes, which work
fast or slow work. When an individual with Nat-2 enzyme that works quickly
consume overcooked meat, the elements that damage the DNA clump together
quickly.
• Other enzymes in the body is a lipoxygenase. Fats in food is converted into
fatty acids, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. Lipoxygenase further transform
linoleic acid and arachidonic acids into chemicals which are stimulators
potentially of cell growth. These chemicals not only about increased risk of
developing cancers, they also promote the growth of cancers and encourage
cancer cells to spread (metastasize).
• Although we can not change our individual Nat-2 or lipoxygenase enzyme
activities, we can reduce the consumption of fats and meats are cooked too
long.
• It seems there are also certain types of fats such as fatty acids omega-3
that protects against the formation and activities of these products are
harmful fats. These were found at higher concentrations in many of the fish.
This is a study of epidemiological and laboratory studies that show both of
these benefits.
Diet to reduce the risk of breast cancer
In theory, there are dietary
measures that can reduce the formation (formation) of free radicals and reduce
the risk of developing breast cancer and other types. These actions are:
• diets rich in vegetables and fruits,
• diets are low in fat, fat, and red and the meat is cooked too long,
• an adequate input of antioxidants such as vitamins E and C,
• regular exercise and weight loss, and
• avoiding cigarettes.
• diets are low in fat, fat, and red and the meat is cooked too long,
• an adequate input of antioxidants such as vitamins E and C,
• regular exercise and weight loss, and
• avoiding cigarettes.
Evidence that these actions reduce possibilities develop breast cancer is largely based on epidemiological data. Epidemiolodi evidence comes from comparison of two large populations with similar characteristics that have a diet-a diet or exercise levels are different. Epidemiological evidence can only be as suggestive, not conclusive. In fact, concrete evidence that diet and exercise actually reduces the risk of developing breast cancer will be difficult to achieve.
When scientific data are less robust and did not seem to be available for the foreseeable future, physicians must weigh the risks of its recommendations potentially than benefits. Considerations of long-term risks and benefits is especially important in advising young women about prevention and healthy for a disease that they may or may not develop it.
In the case of diet-a diet low fat and meats are cooked too long, diets high in vegetables and fruits, avoiding smoking, and exercise regularly, there are enough benefits that are known and little known risk , which makes it easy for doctors to recommend them to patients.
Doctors are also pleased to recommend a multivitamin every day. However, no clinical evidence that a large input dose of vitamins is beneficial. Large doses of certain vitamins can have side effects that are less good.
Exercise
There are epidemiological data showing that women who exercise / sports events
on a regular basis have a lower breast cancer than women who did not perform
exercise / sports. Because for the benefit is unknown, but it may be attributed
to the fact that obese individuals had levels higher estrogen in the body of
the people who are not fat. Levels higher estrogen may increase the risk of breast cancer in obese women.
