Free Radicals
Free radicals are chemicals that are electrically charged and can attack and damage proteins and DNA, thus changing the genetic information. If enough damage occurs to the DNA segments from a control cell growth and cell division, cancer can develop from that single cell.
Free radicals can be formed by normal metabolic activity in the body. The cells in the body chemically alter nutrients (sugars, fats, and proteins) into the elements that can be used as energy by the muscles, brain and other organs. Such changes involve many chemical reactions and transfer various energy-transfer between the chemicals. During this metabolic process, free radicals can be formed.
Free radicals are chemicals that are electrically charged and can attack and damage proteins and DNA, thus changing the genetic information. If enough damage occurs to the DNA segments from a control cell growth and cell division, cancer can develop from that single cell.
Free radicals can be formed by normal metabolic activity in the body. The cells in the body chemically alter nutrients (sugars, fats, and proteins) into the elements that can be used as energy by the muscles, brain and other organs. Such changes involve many chemical reactions and transfer various energy-transfer between the chemicals. During this metabolic process, free radicals can be formed.
Free radicals also occurs when cells are exposed to radiation. Body regularly exposed to levels of low-level radiation in the atmosphere. The body also received radiation during mammography and tests other x-ray. In theory, low levels of radiation can lead to the formation of free radicals. (The amount of radiation in the atmosphere and on the tests carried out X-Ray carefully is generally considered safe).
Fortunately, a healthy body is well equipped to destroy free radicals and prevents cells with damaged DNA to become cancerous. The body is able to quickly recognize and destroy free radicals. For example, the body has an enzyme called superoxide dismutase who regularly clean up free radicals and prevent them from damaging cells and proteins. The body can repair DNA damage caused by radiation or free radicals. The body is also able to quickly destroy cells that have DNA damage that can not be repaired to prevent them from becoming cancerous. The immune system is also looking for cells with DNA damage and destroy them.
However, an excessive load of free radicals can cause damage to the system that destroys free radicals and damage to the DNA repair systems. This damage or a weakened immune system can contribute to cancer development.
Antioxidants
Antioxidants are chemicals that prevent a type of chemical reaction called oxidation. Oxidation is a major source of free radical formation. Antioxidants are also clean the free radicals are formed. Superoxide dismutase is an example of an enzyme that works as an antioxidant. Antioxidants that occur naturally include beta carotene, vitamin E and vitamin C. Fruits and vegetables are safe and are rich sources of antioxidants. An element of controversy is the caffeine. In several laboratory studies, caffeine works as a cleaning Antioxidants the free radicals. At present, there is no evidence that caffeine or coffee affects breast cancer risk. Also, some of the elements that contain caffeine, like tea, has apparently shown to reduce cancer risks.
The relationship between flesh-meat, fats, and breast cancer
Epidemiological studies suggest that early high-fat diets may be associated with increased risks of breast cancer. However, this relationship has not been confirmed, and it is clear that some fats may protect from the harmful. However there are some theoretical considerations about eating meats and fats are cooked too long.
From person to person, there are many normal variations in individual metabolic systems (a series of enzymes and proteins). Some of these variations lead to different risks of exposure, exposure to potentially cause cancer. Examples of systems with the potential for individual variation in the management of potential toxins are:
Epidemiological studies suggest that early high-fat diets may be associated with increased risks of breast cancer. However, this relationship has not been confirmed, and it is clear that some fats may protect from the harmful. However there are some theoretical considerations about eating meats and fats are cooked too long.
From person to person, there are many normal variations in individual metabolic systems (a series of enzymes and proteins). Some of these variations lead to different risks of exposure, exposure to potentially cause cancer. Examples of systems with the potential for individual variation in the management of potential toxins are:
§ NAT-2 is an enzyme in the body that has been studied by both the changing elements of the meat is cooked too long (overcooked meats) into the active elements that can damage DNA. There are two forms of NAT-2 enzyme, which work fast or slow work. When an individual with Nat-2 enzyme that works quickly consume overcooked meat, the elements that damage the DNA clump together quickly.
§ Other enzymes in the body is lipoxygenase. Fats in food is converted into fatty acids, linoleic acid, and arachidonic acid. Lipoxygenase further transform linoleic acid and arachidonic acid into chemicals that are stimulators berpotesi-stimulators of cell growth. These chemicals are not just simply increase the risk of developing cancers, they also promote the growth of cancers and encourage cancer cells to spread (metastasize).
§ Although we can not change our individual Nat-2 or lipoxygenase enzyme activities, we can reduce consumption of fats and meats are cooked too long.
§ Apparently there are also certain types of fats like omega fatty acids-3 that protect against the formation and activity of these products are harmful fats. These were found in higher concentrations in many fish. This is a study of epidemiological and laboratory studies that show both these benefits.
Diet to reduce breast cancer risk
In theory, there are dietary measures that can reduce the formation (formation) of free radicals and reduce the risk of developing breast cancer and other types. These actions are:
1. diets rich in vegetables and fruits,
2. diets low in fat, fat, and red and the meat is cooked too long,
3. adequate input of antioxidants such as vitamins E and C,
4. regular exercise and weight loss, and
5. avoiding cigarettes.
Evidence that these measures reduce the possibilities develop breast cancer is largely based on epidemiological data. Epidemiologi evidence comes from comparison of two large populations with similar characteristics that have a fad diet or exercise levels are different. Epidemiological evidence can only be as suggestive, not conclusive. In fact, concrete evidence that diet and exercise actually reduce the risk of developing breast cancer will be difficult to achieve.
When scientific data are less robust and did not seem to be available for the foreseeable future, physicians must weigh the risks of its recommendations than the benefits potentially. Considerations of long-term risks and benefits is particularly important in advising young women about prevention and healthy for a disease that they may or may not develop it.
In the case of diets low l fat and meats are cooked too long, diets high in vegetables and fruits, avoiding smoking, and exercise regularly, there are enough benefits that are known and little known risk , which makes it easy for doctors to recommend them to patients.
Doctors are also pleased to recommend a multivitamin every day. However, there is no clinical evidence that a large input doses of these vitamins are beneficial. Large doses of certain vitamins can have side effects that are less good.
When scientific data are less robust and did not seem to be available for the foreseeable future, physicians must weigh the risks of its recommendations than the benefits potentially. Considerations of long-term risks and benefits is particularly important in advising young women about prevention and healthy for a disease that they may or may not develop it.
In the case of diets low l fat and meats are cooked too long, diets high in vegetables and fruits, avoiding smoking, and exercise regularly, there are enough benefits that are known and little known risk , which makes it easy for doctors to recommend them to patients.
Doctors are also pleased to recommend a multivitamin every day. However, there is no clinical evidence that a large input doses of these vitamins are beneficial. Large doses of certain vitamins can have side effects that are less good.
Exercise
There are epidemiological data showing that women who exercise / sports events on a regular basis have a lower breast cancer than women who did not perform exercise / sports. Because for the benefit is unknown, but it may be attributed to the fact that obese individuals had levels higher estrogen in the body of the people who are not fat. Estrogen levels are higher can increase the risk of breast cancer in obese women.
There are epidemiological data showing that women who exercise / sports events on a regular basis have a lower breast cancer than women who did not perform exercise / sports. Because for the benefit is unknown, but it may be attributed to the fact that obese individuals had levels higher estrogen in the body of the people who are not fat. Estrogen levels are higher can increase the risk of breast cancer in obese women.
Conclusion
There are two important aspects of the prevention of breast cancer: early detection and risk reduction. Screening can identify cancer-early cancers that are not invasive (invade) and allow treatment before they become invasive or to identify cancers at an early stage that can be treated. But screening can not by itself prevent cancer. Prevention of breast cancer should really be understood as a reduction in risk. In patients with very high-risk patients, such as those with BRCA mutations, risk reduction may involve the removal of the breast, ovaries, breast and ovaries to prophylactic surgery (prophylactic surgical removal). For the average patient, lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, weight loss, etc.) can be easily recommended and has many other benefits. For patients who have an increased risk based on other factors, the use of elements of hormone blockers, in addition to the usual recommendations of the lifestyle, can also be considered.
There are two important aspects of the prevention of breast cancer: early detection and risk reduction. Screening can identify cancer-early cancers that are not invasive (invade) and allow treatment before they become invasive or to identify cancers at an early stage that can be treated. But screening can not by itself prevent cancer. Prevention of breast cancer should really be understood as a reduction in risk. In patients with very high-risk patients, such as those with BRCA mutations, risk reduction may involve the removal of the breast, ovaries, breast and ovaries to prophylactic surgery (prophylactic surgical removal). For the average patient, lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, weight loss, etc.) can be easily recommended and has many other benefits. For patients who have an increased risk based on other factors, the use of elements of hormone blockers, in addition to the usual recommendations of the lifestyle, can also be considered.
Read: Relationship between Estrogen and Breast Cancer in Here
