Key features of tumors and cancer cells is the production of lactic acid and pyruvic acid are high, low glucose oxidation, although not always accompanied simtoma hypoxia, glycolysis path acceleration and deceleration rate of oxidative phosphorylation, and a shift in trajectory from anaerobic to aerobic glycolysis, which is known as the Warburg effect. Cancer cells have a tendency to produce ATP as an energy source of the trajectory path of glycolysis than oxidative phosphorylation. ETS transcription factor-1 is enhanced by the secretion of H2O2 by mitochondria is one of the shift in control of metabolism in cancer cells. Another feature is the low levels of plasma vitamin C is found in many cancer patients, both from patients with smoking habits, whether or not .
In general, cancer symptoms can be divided into groups:
• Local Symptoms: enlargement or unusual swelling of the tumor, bleeding (hemorrhage), pain and / or peptic ulcers / ulceration. Compression of surrounding tissue can cause symptoms jaundis (yellowing of skin and eyes).
• Symptoms of enlarged lymph nodes (lymph nodes), cough, haemoptysis, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), bone pain, fractures in the bones are affected, and neurological symptoms. Despite the advanced stage cancer causes pain, often times it's not the first symptom.
• Systemic symptoms: weight loss, decreased appetite significantly, fatigue and kakeksia (emaciated), excessive sweating during sleep / night sweats, anemia, certain paraneoplastik phenomenon that is caused by specific conditions such as thrombosis, active cancer and hormonal changes. Each symptom on the list above can be caused by various conditions (a list of conditions is called differential diagnosis.) Cancer is probably the main cause or not the primary cause of any symptom.
• Symptoms of angiogenesis which is the interaction between tumor cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and extracellular matrix. In cancer, decrease the concentration of compounds inhibiting the growth of new blood vessels, such as trombospondin, angiostatin and glioma-derived angiogenesis inhibitory factor, and Excessive expression proangiogenik factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, that allow cancer cells to metastasis. Treatment of tumors in general, always involves two important roles, namely the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibodies to compensate for overexpression of factors proangiogenik , and the provision of angiogenesis inhibiting compounds, such as endostatin and angiostatin.
• Symptoms of tumor cell migration, which is characterized by degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), connective tissue that supports the cell structure, by the MMP enzymes. Until now has been known to file 26 MMP genes that play a role in cancer, with the exception that occurs among others in hepatocellular carcinoma
In general, cancer symptoms can be divided into groups:
• Local Symptoms: enlargement or unusual swelling of the tumor, bleeding (hemorrhage), pain and / or peptic ulcers / ulceration. Compression of surrounding tissue can cause symptoms jaundis (yellowing of skin and eyes).
• Symptoms of enlarged lymph nodes (lymph nodes), cough, haemoptysis, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), bone pain, fractures in the bones are affected, and neurological symptoms. Despite the advanced stage cancer causes pain, often times it's not the first symptom.
• Systemic symptoms: weight loss, decreased appetite significantly, fatigue and kakeksia (emaciated), excessive sweating during sleep / night sweats, anemia, certain paraneoplastik phenomenon that is caused by specific conditions such as thrombosis, active cancer and hormonal changes. Each symptom on the list above can be caused by various conditions (a list of conditions is called differential diagnosis.) Cancer is probably the main cause or not the primary cause of any symptom.
• Symptoms of angiogenesis which is the interaction between tumor cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and extracellular matrix. In cancer, decrease the concentration of compounds inhibiting the growth of new blood vessels, such as trombospondin, angiostatin and glioma-derived angiogenesis inhibitory factor, and Excessive expression proangiogenik factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, that allow cancer cells to metastasis. Treatment of tumors in general, always involves two important roles, namely the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibodies to compensate for overexpression of factors proangiogenik , and the provision of angiogenesis inhibiting compounds, such as endostatin and angiostatin.
• Symptoms of tumor cell migration, which is characterized by degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), connective tissue that supports the cell structure, by the MMP enzymes. Until now has been known to file 26 MMP genes that play a role in cancer, with the exception that occurs among others in hepatocellular carcinoma
Source: http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanker
