Early
symptoms (clinical presentations) of liver
cancer is varied. In countries where liver cancer is very common, cancer is
commonly found at a very advanced stage of disease for several reasons. For one
thing, the area where there is a high frequency of liver cancer are generally
the countries that are developing, where access to health services is limited.
For this ainnya, For one thing,
screening examinations (screening) for patients at risk of developing liver
cancer are not available in these areas. In addition, patients from these
regions actually have the disease more aggressive liver cancer. With other
words, the tumor usually reaches an advanced state and causes symptoms more
rapidly. In contrast, patients in areas of low frequency heart cancer tend to
have liver cancer tumors that progress more slowly and, therefore, remain
without symptoms longer.
Pain / abdominal pain is a symptom of the most common liver cancer and usually signifies a very large tumor or liver involvement is extensive. In addition, weight loss or unexplained fevers unexplained are the signs of liver cancer in these patients with cirrhosis. The signs cancer is less common in individuals with liver cancer in the United States, because these patients are usually diagnosed at an earlier stage. However, whenever the overall health of a patient with cirrhosis deteriorates, every effort should be made to look for liver cancer.
An
early appearance of liver cancer is
most common in a patient with compensated cirrhosis (no complications of liver
disease) complications of a sudden. For example, the sudden appearance of
ascites (abdominal fluid and swelling), jaundice (yellow skin color), or muscle
wasting without causative factors (causing, for example, alcohol consumption)
suggests the possibility of liver cancer. Moreover, the cancer can invade and
block the portal vein (a large vein that carries blood from the intestines and
spleen to the liver). When this happens, blood will run through the furrows of
fewer inmates, such as through esophageal veins (esophageal veins). This causes
increased pressure on these veins, resulting in enlarged veins / dilated
esophagus, called varices (esophageal varices). Patients are then at risk for
bleeding (hemorrhage) from rupture of varices into digestion
tract (gastrointestinal tract). Cancer itself rarely can rupture and bleed into
the abdominal cavity, resulting in bloody ascites.
On
physical examination, an enlarged liver and sometimes soft is the most common
findings. Liver cancers are tumors are highly vascular (containing many blood
vessels). Thus, the amounts raised blood given into the hepatic artery (artery
to the liver) and cause turbulent blood flow (turbulent) in the arteries.
Turbulence (turbulence) results in a different sound / clear in the liver
(hepatic bruit) that can be heard with a stethoscope in about one-fourth to
half of patients with liver cancer.
Any signs of advanced liver disease (eg, ascites, jaundice, or muscle wasting)
means a poor prognosis. Rarely, a patient with liver cancer can become suddenly
jaundiced when the tumor slide down into the bile ducts. Jaundice occurs in
this situation because both exfoliation of tumor vessels and bleeding into the
clot in the vessels can block the vessels.
In
advanced liver cancer, the tumor can
spread to adjacent tissues or, through the blood vessels, anywhere in the body
(distant metastases). In that place, liver cancer can invade the veins that
drain the liver (hepatic veins). Tumors then blocking these veins, which
resulted in liver congestion. Congestion occurs because the blocked veins can
not drain the blood out of the liver. (Normally, blood in the hepatic veins
leaving the liver flows through the inferior vena cava, the largest vein that
flows into the heart). In African patients, the tumors often obstruct the
inferior vena cava. Obstacles / barriers of the hepatic veins or inferior vena
cava results in a very swollen liver and ascites formation of a large scale. In
some patients, as mentioned previously, the tumor can invade the portal vein
and lead to rupture of esophageal varices.
Regarding distant
metastases, liver cancer often spreads to the lungs, perhaps by way of the
bloodstream. Typically, patients have no symptoms of lung metastases (lung
metastases), which was diagnosed by radiological studies (x-ray). Rarely, in
cases that have been very advanced, liver
cancer can spread to the bones or brain.